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This article is about the public webmail service. For the business webmail service, see Outlook on the web.
Outlook.com
Outlook.com logo and wordmark.svg
Outlook.com inbox and Skype sidebar view.png
Outlook Mail inbox in Outlook.com with Skype sidebar open

Type of site
 Webmail, contacts, tasks, and calendaring
Available in 106 languages
Owner Microsoft
Website outlook.com
Alexa rank Increase 5,891 (December 2016)[1]
Commercial Yes
Registration Required
Users 400 million[2]
Launched July 4, 1996; 20 years ago (as Hotmail)

July 31, 2012; 4 years ago (as Outlook.com)
Current status Online

Content license
 Proprietary
Outlook.com is a web-based suite of webmail, contacts, tasks, and calendaring services from Microsoft. One of the world's first webmail services,[3] it was founded in 1996 as Hotmail (stylized as HoTMaiL) by Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith in Mountain View, California, and headquartered in Sunnyvale.[4][5] Microsoft acquired Hotmail in 1997 for an estimated $400 million and launched it as MSN Hotmail, later rebranded to Windows Live Hotmail as part of the Windows Live suite of products.[2][6] Microsoft released the final version of Hotmail in October 2011, available in 36 languages.[7][8][9] It was replaced by Outlook.com in 2013.


Outlook.com follows Microsoft's Metro design-language, closely mimicking the interface of Microsoft Outlook. It also features unlimited storage, a calendar, contacts management, Ajax, and close integration with OneDrive, Office Online and Skype.[10]
In May 2015, Microsoft's Outlook Team announced the first update, in
Preview, in a planned upgrade of Outlook.com "to a new Office 365-based
infrastructure".[11]
Microsoft concluded this preview stage in February 2016, when it began
to roll out the new version to users' accounts, beginning with North
America.[12] As of 2015 Outlook.com had 400 million active users.[2][13]



History

Launch of Hotmail

Hotmail service was founded by Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith, and was one of the first webmail services on the Internet along with Four11's RocketMail (later Yahoo! Mail). It was commercially launched on July 4, 1996, symbolizing "freedom" from ISP-based email[14]
and the ability to access a user's inbox from anywhere in the world.
The name "Hotmail" was chosen out of many possibilities ending in
"-mail" as it included the letters HTML,
the markup language used to create web pages (to emphasize this, the
original type casing was "HoTMaiL"). The limit for free storage was 2 MB.[5] Hotmail was initially backed by venture capital firm Draper Fisher Jurvetson. By December 1997, it reported more than 8.5 million subscribers.[15] Hotmail initially ran under Solaris for mail services and Apache on FreeBSD for web services, before being partly converted to Microsoft products,[16][17] using Windows Services for UNIX in the migration path.[18]


MSN Hotmail



An old Hotmail inbox layout embedded in Microsoft Outlook


The old MSN Hotmail inbox from 2007
Hotmail was sold to Microsoft in December 1997 for a reported $400 million, and it joined the MSN group of services.[19] Hotmail quickly gained in popularity as it was localized
for different markets around the globe, and became the world's largest
webmail service with more than 30 million active members reported by
February 1999.[20] Hotmail originally ran on a mixture of FreeBSD and Solaris operating systems.[21]
A project was started to move Hotmail to Windows 2000. In June 2001,
Microsoft claimed this had been completed; a few days later they
retracted and admitted that the DNS functions of the Hotmail system were
still reliant on FreeBSD. In 2002 Hotmail still ran its infrastructure
on UNIX servers, with only the front-end converted to Windows 2000.[22] Later development saw the service tied with Microsoft's web authentication scheme, Microsoft Passport (now Microsoft account), and integration with Microsoft's instant messaging and social networking programs, MSN Messenger and MSN Spaces (now Windows Live Messenger and Windows Live Spaces, respectively).


Security issues

In 1999, hackers revealed a security flaw in Hotmail that permitted
anybody to log in to any Hotmail account using the password 'eh'. At the
time it was called "the most widespread security incident in the
history of the Web".[23]
In 2001, the Hotmail service was compromised again by computer hackers
who discovered that anyone could log in to their Hotmail account and
then pull messages from any other Hotmail account by crafting a URL with
the second account's username and a valid message number. It was such a
simple attack that by the time the patch was made, dozens of newspapers
and hundreds of web sites published exact descriptions allowing tens of
thousands of hackers to run rampant across Hotmail. The exploitable
vulnerability exposed millions of accounts to tampering between August
7, 2001 and August 31, 2001.[24][25]


Competition

In 2004, Google announced its own mail service, Gmail.
Featuring greater storage space, speed, and interface flexibility, this
new competitor spurred a wave of innovation in webmail.[26] The main industry heavyweights – Hotmail and Yahoo! Mail – introduced upgraded versions of their email services with greater speed, security, and advanced features.[27][28]


Windows Live Hotmail

Microsoft's new email system was announced on November 1, 2005, under the codename "Kahuna", and a beta version
was released to a few thousand testers. Other webmail enthusiasts also
wanting to try the beta version could request an invitation granting
access. The new service was built from scratch and emphasized three main
concepts of being "faster, simpler, and safer". New versions of the
beta service were rolled out over the development period, and by the end
of 2006 the number of beta testers had reached the millions.[29]


The Hotmail brand was planned to be phased-out when Microsoft
announced that the new mail system would be called Windows Live Mail,
but the developers soon backtracked after beta-testers were confused
with the name change and preferred the already well-known Hotmail name,
and decided on Windows Live Hotmail. After a period of beta testing,
it was officially released to new and existing users in the Netherlands
on November 9, 2006, as a pilot market. Development of the beta was
finished in April 2007, Windows Live Hotmail was released to new
registrations on May 7, 2007, as the 260 million MSN Hotmail accounts
worldwide gained access to the new system. The old MSN Hotmail interface
was accessible only by users who registered before the Windows Live
Hotmail release date and had not chosen to update to the new service.
The roll-out to all existing users was completed in October 2007.


Windows Live Hotmail was awarded PC Magazine's Editor's Choice Award in February 2007,[30] March 2007,[31] and February 2011.[32]


In 2008 it was announced that the service would be updated with focus
on improving the speed, increasing the storage space, better user
experience and usability features, and that sign-in and email access
speeds would be up to 70 percent faster.[33]
The classic and full versions of Windows Live Hotmail were combined in
the new release. As a result of user feedback, Hotmail was updated so
that scrolling works for users who have the reading pane turned off. It
was also expected that Hotmail team would be moving the advertisement
from the top of page to the side, adding more themes, increasing the
number of messages on each page and adding the ability to send instant
messages from the user's inbox in future releases.[34]


Support for Firefox in the upgraded Windows Live Hotmail took a few
months to complete. By 2009, support for Google Chrome was still
incomplete, prompting the Chrome developers to temporarily ship a
browser that employed user agent spoofing when making requests to the Windows Live site.[35]


As part of the update, Microsoft also added integrated capability for instant messaging with contacts on the Windows Live Messenger
service. The feature was the realization of a project that began as
"Windows Live Web Messenger" in 2007, a replacement for the outdated
"MSN Web Messenger" service that was first launched in August 2004. It
was noted that the original "Windows Live Web Messenger" featured tabbed conversations in a "conversation workspace", however since its integration with Hotmail this has been removed.[36][37]


Microsoft's search engine Bing
was integrated into Hotmail in 2009 through the introduction of a
"Quick Add" feature, allowing users to add search results from Bing into
emails. These include images, maps and business listings.[38]




"Wave 4" version of Windows Live Hotmail
On May 18, 2010, Microsoft unveiled the "Wave 4" update of Hotmail,
which offered features such as 1-click filters, active views, inbox
sweeping, and 10 GB space for photos, Microsoft Office documents, and
attachments.[39] It also included integration with Windows Live SkyDrive and Windows Live Office, a free version of Microsoft's Office Web Apps suite. The new version began its gradual release to all Hotmail users on June 15, 2010[40] and was completely rolled out on August 3, 2010.[41] Exchange ActiveSync support was enabled to all Hotmail users on August 30, 2010, allowing users to sync their mail, contacts, calendar and tasks to their mobile devices that supports the protocol.[42] Addition of full-session SSL was released on November 9, 2010.


Throughout 2011, Microsoft added several new features to Hotmail, such as aliases[43] and speed improvements.[44]
In October 2011, Microsoft unveiled a "re-invented Hotmail", and added
many new features such as Instant Actions, scheduled Sweep, and
Categories[45][46][47] and this update began fully rolling out on November 9, 2011.[48] This update also made SSL enabled by default on all accounts.


Transition to Outlook.com



Outlook.com, with third-party add-ins within a new message preview
Outlook.com was first introduced on July 31, 2012 when its beta version
was made available to the general public. Existing Hotmail customers
could freely upgrade to the preview version of Outlook.com and downgrade
back.[49]


Outlook.com graduated preview stage on 18 February 2013. According to
Microsoft, the upgrade was deployed on April 3, 2013; the user kept
their existing Hotmail accounts and received the option of having an
@outlook.com email address. By May 2013, Outlook.com had 400 million
active users.[50]


Transition to a new infrastructure

In May 2015, Microsoft announced it would move the service over to what it described as an Office 365-based infrastructure.[51]
This was followed in June 2015 by the introduction through an opt-in
preview of new features, including new calendar layout options, a
filtering service called "Clutter" and new theme designs.[52] Microsoft also introduced the ability for third-party providers such as PayPal and Evernote to include add-ins into the service.[53]
Additionally, contact suggestions and updates from emails such as
flight reservations are due to be introduced to Office 365 subscribers'
accounts and Outlook.com users' from January and March 2016
respectively.[54] With the upgrade, users were no longer be able to use the Windows Live Mail
2012 client to synchronize their email, contacts and calendar event
using the official settings; they were encouraged to view Outlook.com
through a browser, through the Mail app, or through the Microsoft Outlook client.[55] However, Windows Live Mail could be configured to use the IMAP protocol (or the less effective POP3) the fetch mail only.[56][57]


Features



Advertisement for Outlook.com on the side of a bus
Similar to other major webmail services, Outlook.com uses Ajax programming techniques and supports later versions of Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, and Google Chrome. Some of its features include keyboard controls giving the ability to navigate around the page without using the mouse, the ability to search the user's messages including structured query syntax such as "from:ebay",
message filters, folder-based organization of messages, auto-completion
of contact addresses when composing, contact grouping, importing and
exporting of contacts as CSV files, rich text formatting, rich text signatures, spam filtering and virus scanning, support for multiple addresses, and different language versions.


One example of a feature no longer present is the ability to create custom domain names.[58]


Security and privacy

Outlook.com has promised to respect user's privacy, specifically targeting Gmail's privacy practices.[59] Outlook.com does not scan emails or attachments for advertising information and personal conversations are ad-free entirely.[60][61]


In March 2014, when former Microsoft employee Alex Kibkalo was
arrested for his involvement in 2012 leaking of Microsoft's trade
secrets, Microsoft came under criticism for having accessed the email
inbox of his French accomplice.[62][63] Critics claim these actions violate privacy laws[64][65] as well as Microsoft's own promises with regards to users' personal information,[66]
while others have pointed out that such access is permitted under
Microsoft's privacy policies in order to "protect the rights or property
of Microsoft",[67][68]
that it was necessary in order to prevent a crime intended to have
inflicted billions of dollars of damage, and that such action on
Microsoft part is unprecedented in 18 years.[69]
In response to the criticism, Microsoft has announced that it would no
longer access private account information themselves in such cases, but
would instead hand the investigation over to law enforcement agencies.[70][71]


Outlook.com uses DMARC specifications to provide better security for message transmission and Extended Validation Certificate to secure the user's connection with Outlook.com.[72] On April 17, 2013, Microsoft added two step verification to Microsoft accounts, thereby by extension to Outlook.com.[73]


Outlook also allows for a single-use code to be used instead of a
user's password when signing into a Microsoft account. Each code can
only be used once, but one can be requested whenever needed. If a user
is signing in on a public computer—such as at the library or
school—using a single-use code helps keep account information secure.
The single-use code is sent to the user when requested during login.[74]


Active View

Outlook.com's Active View allows users to interact directly with
contents and functionality within their email message. For example, any
photo attachments can be previewed directly using Active View. In
addition, Outlook.com provides a partner platform which allows contents
and functionality from various websites and services such as YouTube, Flickr, LinkedIn, and the United States Postal Service
to be viewed directly within the email message. For example, users may
view the YouTube video within Outlook.com when a user receives an email
which contains a link to the video. Other Active View features include
tracking of real time shipping status from United States Postal Service
and performing social networking actions on LinkedIn or other social
networking sites directly from within the email message.


Calendar



Calendar, as seen in 2016
Outlook's time-management web application
was first released on January 14, 2008 as Windows Live Calendar, and
was updated to the "Wave 4" release on June 7, 2010. It was updated with
Microsoft's Metro design in a phased roll-out to users from April 2,
2013.[75]


Calendar features a similar interface to desktop calendar applications such as Windows Calendar, and supports iCalendar files for users to import calendar entries into their calendars. It uses Ajax technology which enables users to view, add and drag-and-drop
calendar events from one date to another without reloading the page,
and features daily, weekly, monthly and agenda view modes. It also
features a to-do list function for users to keep track of their tasks to
be completed.


Calendar events are stored online and can be viewed from any
location. Multiple calendars can be created and shared, allowing
different levels of permissions for each user.


People

Outlook's contacts management service was originally known as Windows
Live Contacts and before that, Windows Live People. It provides users
with access to their contacts' profiles and information, allowing them
to share different information with different groups of people. Besides
an address book, People also provides integrated services with social media, such as Facebook and Twitter.[76]
The service was rebranded to its current name in 2012, introducing a
new interface based on the Metro design language that had already been
introduced with Outlook.com.


Contacts are automatically updated in real-time, and the service
allows for the removal of duplicated contact entries when imported with Profile. Users can also set limits on what parts of their contact details can be seen by others.


Office Online integration



The shortcut panel, which links various Microsoft online services, including Outlook.com
Outlook.com integrates with Office Online to allow viewing and editing of Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint documents that are attached to the email messages. Users can directly open attached Office documents within the web browser, and save them into their OneDrive.
Users can also perform edits to any received Office documents, and
directly reply to the sender with the edited version of the document. In
addition, users may also send up to 25 GB of Office documents (up to 50
MB each) using Outlook.com by uploading these documents onto OneDrive,
and share these documents with other users for viewing or collaboration.
Users can also save emails to OneNote.[77]


Skype integration

A preview version of Skype
for Outlook.com started rolling out in the UK on April 30, 2013. This
feature allows users to make a Skype video call within Outlook.com
without using the Skype desktop client.[78]


Sweep

Outlook.com offers a "virtual broom" which allow users to delete or
move large amounts of emails into specified folders based on the
sender's information. Once a "sweep" is performed, the user may choose
to configure Outlook.com to remember the sweep settings and perform the
same move or delete actions for any future emails. Users may also set up
custom message rules based on the sender's or recipient's information,
the subject of the email, or attachments to the email.
There is also an option to delete/move messages that are older than a
specified amount of days, or only keep the latest message from a sender.


Quick views and one-click filters

Quick views allow users to filter all emails (in all folders) by
document attachments, photo attachments, flagged messages, or shipping
updates. One-click filters allow users to filter the inbox (or specific
folder) based on whether or not the email message is unread, from the
People service list, group mailing lists, or from a social networking
website. Categories appear under quick views for ease of access.


Aliases

Users can create additional, unique email addresses, called aliases, for their Microsoft account.
As of April 17, 2013, users can now sign in with any alias and create
up to 10 aliases per year for a total of up to 10 addresses. For a given
account, all aliases uses the same inbox, contact list, and account
settings—including password—as the primary address. Once an alias is set
up, users can choose to have all email sent to that address go to the
inbox, or to a different folder.[79] Emails sent from an alias do not reveal to recipients that they come from an account with other addresses.


Mobile applications

Main article: Outlook Mobile
Microsoft has released client applications for Android and iOS,
allowing users to access their inboxes and send new messages. The apps
were formerly known as Acompli, which was acquired by Microsoft in
December 2014, and were rebranded as Outlook Mobile in January 2015


Mail client access

Outlook.com supports email clients connecting through the following protocols, listed in chronological order:


  • WebDAV was used by Outlook Express but was discontinued on September 1, 2009.[80][81]
  • DeltaSync was used by Microsoft Outlook Hotmail Connector, a free plug-in for Microsoft Outlook
    2003, 2007 or 2010. Using the Outlook connector, users can freely
    access email messages, contacts, and calendars in any Outlook.com
    account, though access to tasks and notes requires a premium
    subscription. Another alternative for users is to use the Windows Live Mail desktop client, which had built-in support for Hotmail.[82]
  • Post Office Protocol
    version 3 (POP3) access has been made available for all Hotmail
    accounts as part of the "Wave 3" release, adding support to access
    Hotmail from any email client that supported this protocol.[83]
  • Exchange ActiveSync
    (EAS) support was added as part of the Hotmail "Wave 4" release,
    allowing users to synchronise not just their email, but also their
    contacts and calendar on any device that supports EAS.[84]
  • On September 12, 2013, Microsoft added support for Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) and OAuth.[85][86]
    IMAP enables users to continue to access Hotmail from any email client
    that supports this protocol, including Windows Live Mail 2011 and 2012,
    following the discontinuance of DeltaSync.[56][57]

Controversy

Popularity with spammers

Like many free Webmail services, Hotmail was often used by spammers for illicit purposes such as junk or chain mailing and unwanted marketing, due to wide availability, service popularity, and ease of registration of new accounts.[87]
Hotmail amended its service agreement stating that any account engaging
in these activities would be terminated without warning.[88][89]


Requests for contact details

The ability to associate Outlook.com accounts with mobile phones or
other email addresses was initially advertised as an optional feature.[90]
However, an update in 2013 required many users to associate their
accounts before the website would allow them to log in - a refusal which
could be sidestepped by using an app, such as Windows Live Mail 2011 or
2012, to access the account instead of a web browser (and it remains
possible to "associate" an account with a one-use, or otherwise
'disposable', e-mail address).[91] Some users also saw messages that their accounts would expire if they continued to use them anonymously.


US government surveillance

Further information: PRISM (surveillance program) and 2013 mass surveillance scandal
According to theguardian.com, several top-secret internal National Security Agency
(NSA) newsletters indicate that Microsoft has allowed NSA to access
chats and emails on Outlook.com, and implemented a bypass of its
advertised encryption in order to facilitate government access.[92]


  • One newsletter entry dated December 26, 2012, shows that Microsoft
    had "developed a surveillance capability to deal" with the interception
    of encrypted chats on Outlook.com, within five months after the service
    went into public testing.[92]
  • Another entry states that "for Prism collection against Hotmail,
    Live, and Outlook.com emails will be unaffected because Prism collects
    this data prior to encryption".[92]
In response to the report, Microsoft stated, among other things, that
"when we upgrade or update products we aren't absolved from the need to
comply with existing or future lawful demands" and that "there are
aspects of this debate that we wish we were able to discuss more
freely".[92]


See also

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